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The early Church Fathers fall into three basic categories: Apostolic Fathers, Pre-Nicene Fathers, and Post-Nicene Fathers. Like Clement of Rome, the church fathers of the apostolic age were contemporary with the apostles and were probably taught by them, continuing the apostles’ own traditions and teachings. Linus mentioned in 2 Timothy 4:21 becomes bishop of Rome, and Clement succeeds Linus. Thus, Linus and Clement of Rome are considered the fathers of the apostles. However, Linus’ writings do not appear to have survived, while many of Clement of Rome’s writings did. By the beginning of the 2nd century the Apostolic Fathers had mostly died out, except for a few who were probably followers of John, such as Polycarp. According to tradition, the apostle John died in Ephesus around 98 AD.

The Pre-Nicene Fathers are the Fathers after The Apostolic Fathers and before The Council of Nicaea in 325 AD. Men like Irenaeus, Ignatius, and Justin the Martyr were pre-Nicene godfathers.

The Fathers after Nicaea are the Fathers after the Council of Nicaea in AD 325. [Roman Catholic] the Church because of its great work on the doctrine of the Church; Chrysostom, nicknamed The “Golden Mouth”; Eusebius wrote a history of the Church from the birth of Jesus until the year 324, the year before the Council of Nicaea. It is placed in the post-Nicaea era because it wrote its history after the Council of Nicaea. Other post-Nicene fathers included Jerome, who translated the Greek New Testament into the Latin Vulgate, and Ambrose, who was largely responsible for Augustine’s conversion to Christianity.

So what did the early church fathers believe? The Apostolic Fathers were very concerned with the proclamation of the Gospel as it was proclaimed by the apostles themselves. They were not interested in formulating theological teachings because the gospel they had learned from the apostles was enough for them. The Apostolic Fathers were as zealous as the apostles to root out and expose any false teaching that arose in the early church. The Apostolic Fathers wanted to be faithful to the Gospel that the Apostles taught them, thus preserving the orthodoxy of the message.

The pre-Nicene fathers also tried to be faithful to the gospel, but they had an additional concern. Several apocrypha now claim to be of equal importance to the accepted writings of Paul, Peter and Luke. The reason for these falsified documents is obvious. If the body of Christ can be persuaded to accept false documents, error will spread through the church. As a result, the pre-Nicene church fathers spent much time defending the Christian faith against false teachings, which led to the formation of accepted church teachings.

The post-Nicene fathers, whose mission it was to defend the Gospel against all sorts of heresies, were more and more interested in the methods of defending the Gospel and less and less in the diffusion of the Gospel under its truest and purest forms. So they slowly began to break with orthodoxy, which was the hallmark of the Apostolic Fathers. It is the age of theologians and of endless discussions on secondary questions.